Differences between the America and Chinese Education Systems

Introduction With the ever-increasing need for an educated society that can survive in the present competitive world, most nations have started to appreciate the need of a well educated citizenry. In addition, because education is the greatest promoter of culture, every country’s education system is a representation of its history and cultural values.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Differences between the America and Chinese Education Systems specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Therefore, although there may exist some similarities between different country’s education systems, each country’s education system has some unique features that give that country an added advantage in terms of developing its social, cultural, political, and economic systems. These like differences are evident in the Chinese and American education systems, because of the varying importance given to different as pects of education by these two nations. China’s education system primary emphasizes on the input and accumulation of skills, promotion of learners’ appreciation of knowledge and the respect those in power. Contrary to this, the American education system primarily emphasizes on imparting in learners practical skills meant to help learners to question knowledge and authority (Si-jing 1). Considering this, the American education system emphasizes not only on imparting basic skills such as reading and writing, but also emphasizes on the physical and mental wellbeing of learners, whereas the Chinese education system mainly focuses less on creativity, but emphasizes the need to impart in the necessary survival skills. Differences between the U.S. and China’s Education Comparison of the social environment and culture tradition between China and America As compared to China, the U.S is an open society that has abandoned most of its traditional practices to adopt a new era of education reforms to accommodate the diverse nature of cultures that comprise its citizenry. In addition, because the American economy lays a strong emphasis on the significance of practical skills, its education system appreciates the significance of independence in thinking and creativity. Therefore, the American education system generally prepares individuals to be â€Å"social beings† who must endeavor to discover and put their talents into use in order to get material wealth. In contrast to this, the Chinese empire is a historically rich economy that appreciates very much its cultural traditions; hence, the rigorous nature of its education curriculum that lays a strong emphasis on morals and attainment of education that is relevant to its needs. As compared to the U.S., the stress of living in China is bigger, because most jobs dictates that an individual must go to college and get the relevant education, failure of which can lead to a miserable life.Advertising Looking for research paper on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More On the other hand, the Chinese education system strongly emphasizes on laying a strong education foundation that is characterized by less thought and extra learning. Different to this, because of the significance of creativity in America, its education appreciates the need for more thinking and less forma learning, because of the readiness of the American society to adopt new concepts, so long as they have a positive impact on its citizenry (Rybak 1). Differences between China and U.S’s Education Curriculum Both in the U.S. and China learners must o through a total of twelve years elementary and high school that are broken into six years of elementary school, two years of middle school (in the U.S. it is called junior high), an finally three years of senior high school. Although this similarity exists, China’s system is more rigid, because of the nature of its education principles; a case that is different in the U.S., where learners have the freedom of selecting lessons that that they should attend. In addition, unlike in the U.S. where wearing of school uniform depends on a school’s policies hence, not a must, in China wearing of special attires to school is compulsory. Further, the Chinese education system is more competitive, because of the numerous and tough examinations that learners are supposed to take before proceeding to another level of learning. As results of this, learners in China always spend their entire school life preparing for exams; exams which in most cases are very tough as compared with the SATs taken in the U.S (Guihong 1). Another disparity between U.S. and China’s education is in how students join their desired colleges. Although in both of these countries learners have to take some special test, whose results are used as the primary method of determining the type of college that one will join, in China these results are more important as they are also the primary determinant of the type of major that a learner will take. In China learners are supposed to write a list of majors that they want to pursue, after which depending on their exam results their tutors will pick for them a major that fits them. The scenario is different in America as learners are supposed to make applications to their preferred colleges, after which they will have to wait for feedbacks from these colleges, before making any decision on the type of major to pursue. Moreover, as compared to the U.S. where entry into a major and changing from one major to another is not a big struggle, in China getting into a preferred program is a very competitive endeavor and in most cases it is impossible to change from one major to another (Rybak 1).Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Differences between the America and Chinese Education Systems specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In addition to these differences, because of the significance the U.S. places on the need for practical skills, learners in the U.S. spend a lot of time in labs, something that is a little bit different in China where rote learning and theory work is common. Although at some point learners in China practice their hands on work, most Chinese learners do not appreciate the significance of work experience before commencing their graduate studies. It is important for individuals to note that, although this is the case in most learning institutions in China, because of the realization by the Chinese government about the significance of practical experience, the Chinese government is the process of reforming its education system to accommodate the ever-changing global educational needs (Li, Paranto and Rong 3-5). Additionally, when it comes to higher education, each of these countries’s higher education is a reflection of its economic needs. The U.S. higher education is structured in way that it is supposed to respond to the ever-changing societal social, political, and economic needs. The scenario is a little bit different in China, because most of its specialty programs lack the required flexibility required for an education curriculum to be responsive to changing societal needs. Further, China’s higher education lays a strong emphasis on the significance of systematic study, as it is requirement for tutors to adhere to specific teaching programs. Although to some level teacher-learner interactions are common in this type of teaching environment, such interactions are limited as compared to most typical classes in the U.S. where it is must to give learners the required autonomy and freedom to express their ideas (Mark Para. 8-13). Conclusion In conclusion, although the American system of education shares some similarities with the Chinese one, because of the nature of varying cultures that are a ppreciated in these two nations, there exist numerous differences between two country’s systems of education. As compared with the American system of education that is flexible and accommodative, the Chinese system of education is more rigid and although to some level it aims to build learners with the desired skills needed in the competitive world, it is less practical and sensitive to changing global educational demands. Works Cited Guihong, Zheng. Education systems in China and the U.S. China International Information  Center.  2003. Web.Advertising Looking for research paper on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Li, Ding, Paranto, Sharon, and Rong, Yihong. Management information systems curricula: a comparison between China and the USA. Research in Higher Education Journal.  2010. Web. Mark, Klutcher. Te differences of higher education between China and U.S. U.S. Study Service.  2009. Web. Rybak, Grace. Education differs in China and America. China Insight.  2009. Web. Si-jing, Li. A comparative study of educational differences between U.S. and China. Journal  Of Wuhan Institute of Shipbuilding Technology, 4.3 (2009). Web. This research paper on Differences between the America and Chinese Education Systems was written and submitted by user Charlie Wolfe to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

History of the Nib Bank Essay Example

History of the Nib Bank Essay Example History of the Nib Bank Essay History of the Nib Bank Essay HISTORY OF THE NIB BANK: NIB Bank Limited started as NDLC-IFIC Bank Ltd. which was incorporated in March 2003 as a public limited company. It started operations in October 2003 when all assets, liabilities, rights and obligations of the former National Development Leasing Corporation (NDLC) and Pakistan operations of IFIC were amalgamated with and into the bank with a paid up capital of Rs. 1. 2bn. In April 2004 the Pakistan operations of Credit Agricole Indosuez were also amalgamated with and into NIB. In March 2005 Temasek Holdings of Singapore acquired 25% shareholding in NIB Bank, through Bugis Investments. This shareholding was further enhanced to over 70% in June 05 following an increase in NIBs paid up capital to Rs. 3. 4bn. NIB Bank has since grown rapidly from a base of 2 branches in 2003 to 45 in the 4th quarter of 2007. Total assets have grown from Rs. 9bn in December 2003 to Rs. 87bn (excluding acquisition of PICIC through rights) as of September 30 2007, a CAGR of 85%. Loan growth has been equally rapid, increasing from Rs. 7bn to Rs. 43bn in the same period (a CAGR of 64%), resulting from successes in both the commercial and consumer business. Deposits for the same period have grown at a CAGR of 95%, reaching Rs. 45. 3bn. The overall client base of NIB has also witnessed a tremendous growth in the same period as of September 2007; from a few thousand to over one hundred thousand. NIB Banks vision is to rank amongst the top 5 banks in the country. Therefore towards end of June 2007 it acquired majority shares of PICIC with the aim of merging PICIC and its commercial banking subsidiary PICIC Commercial Bank Limited into NIB . The acquisition was financed through the countrys largest private sector rights issue, with resultant increase in NIBs paid up capital to Rs. 21. 4bn. The PICIC acquisition has bought with it another subsidiary PICIC AMC and an affiliate PICIC Insurance. NIB already has a shareholding in NAFA, an Asset Management Company (AMC); thus its asset management business will now also be increased, with diversification in the insurance business.

Tatoo is good Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Tatoo is good - Essay Example The tattoos designs are not just restricted to anchors, skulls, and battleships but now, ways and designs have come under findings by the populace as a mean to express themselves. A tattoo that is profound into the skin is a perforate lesion, where needles come under the use to pierce into the skin of an individual and infusion of ink through that needle occurs to make some type of a design. Since the tattoos are deep-rooted into ones’ skin, this attribute of tattoos make them lifelong stay on the body. Initially, hands came under use in operating the practice of tattoo making and there was no mechanical way of doing it, but with the advancement in technology, the tattoo artist makes use of a machine (electric gadget) to make the tattoo. In some remote areas of the world, the practice of making tattoos is still manual. The tattoo making is not a new art, as it has been in practice from scores of generations across the globe. In some parts of the world despite of being popular, is it considered as a symbol of religious and divine dedication, awards or medals of gallantry, sexual attraction or expression of love, lucky or good luck charm, security, and as the marks of outsider, slaves and guilty. Different religions and cultures have different concepts, meaning, and impact of the tattoos and its symbols. In recent years, moreover people make tattoos to express their feeling to their loved ones, whether it be mother, father, siblings, children, or someone special. Even some individuals make tattoos for cosmetic, monument, and magical grounds to get themselves coupled or recognized with a particular social or ethnic group. Tattoo is not a new concept and has been in existence for more than five thousand years. Tattoo is an unintentional invention by a person who got a small injury, and rubbed that cut with the hands full of dirt with fire ashes. The mark stayed on a permanent basis, which came under notice after the healing of the injury. The history of tatt oos reveals the fact that tattoos has been in subsistence since the time of the civilization and has been present in many cultures around the world. Nevertheless, the modern history tells us that tattoos were most common amongst the military personnel in order to distinguish their identities in a particular group. Later on, it became in style amongst the common person (Diman, pp.121-150). People find tattoos, which is, making a symbol or picture on the body, as one of the artistic, unique, and innovative ways to broadcast everybody about the personality and their beliefs. People also use tattoos to express their harmony and shared/common views they have with another group, individual, or thoughts. Individuals even make tattoos in order to commemorate themselves with a significant and crucial incident or an event that is of high importance, value and meaningful for them due to the reason that a tattoo stays perpetually on their bodies. People often use tattoos as a symbol of articula tion and expression. They make tattoos in the form of images or symbols that represents their faith, trust, passion, and obsession. The individual emboss a tattoo on their body when they are confident enough to show their commitment it in front of the world. Few people even use tattoos as a tool to beautify their bodies. They consider their body as an unprinted picture, which with

WHAT ASSUMPTIONS DOES THE CONCEPT OF TRANSFER MAKE ABOUT THE Essay

WHAT ASSUMPTIONS DOES THE CONCEPT OF TRANSFER MAKE ABOUT THE DEVELOPMENT OF AND THE APPLICATION OF KNOWLEDGE AND SKILLS IN AND BETWEEN EDUCATION AND WORKPLACE - Essay Example llenge for vocational educational programmes is therefore to provide effective support to students so that they are able to effectively make the transition from school to the workplace. This assignment deals with the concept of transfer of knowledge and skills from school to the workplace and how effectively an understanding of the transfer process helps to evaluate the degree to which this is being achieved. Existing vocational education curricula are unable to effectively bring about the transfer of students from the context of the school to the workplace. What are the reasons for this and what is the role of knowledge and skills acquisition in the transfer process? These are the questions I will attempt to answer in this essay. This first section discusses the concept of knowledge itself, in order to provide a basis for assessing how far the transfer of such knowledge is supported by vocational education. It will examine the different kinds of knowledge as well as skills and the importance of possessing them in the workplace. Knowledge may be tacit, explicit or situated. While situated knowledge is relevant within a particular work context and may be taught through workplace training and the use of handbooks and manuals tacit knowledge is group knowledge that develops within a specific cultural context and may be more difficult to replicate (Guile and Young 2003). Guile ([2002] citing Drucker [1993]) mentions that some authors view knowledge as an embrained phenomenon, for example, it exists either as a product of someone’s mental abilities or as data that may be found on websites, therefore innovation in such an instance will involve transfer of skill and expertise from one section of an organization to another. Other authors such as Noneka and Takeuchi ([1995] as cited by Guile [2002]) have suggested that the development of innovation in business is dependent upon the extent to which the tacit knowledge possessed by the firm is successfully exploited,

International Trade Laws Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

International Trade Laws - Essay Example This works for the higher competitive advantage of the national companies, and thus 'closing eyes' on the illegal actions foreign companies take abroad, as well as trying to sue them for the refund of the damages which national companies pay abroad, and which is often resolved for the benefit of the national company, is a means of fighting competition through the means and methods which are legal only on the surface. 'Competition law embodies an inherent conflict while protecting local consumers from monopolies, cartels and oligopolies - it ignores the very same practices when directed at foreign consumers'. (Francis, 1995) For example, even GATT /WTO rules allow the existence of the foreign trade cartels, and if the same actions would be considered to be illegal within the country, these actions are seen as proper and legal at the international level. (Mathis, 2002) It was interesting to note, that one of the literary sources recommends adoption of the claw back provisions for the poor countries, which would want to develop their export markets. These claw back provisions would allow local courts to refund any penalty payment put on the local company by a foreign entity for the violation of trade policies and using unfair methods of international trade. ... Let's have a closer look at the GATT International Antitrust Code, which has created the four main principles, violated through the use of claw back provisions. - National laws should be applied to solve international competition problems; - Parties, regardless of origin, should be treated as locals; - A minimum standard for national antitrust rules should be set (stricter measures would be welcome); and - The establishment of an international authority to settle disputes between parties over antitrust issues. (Tarullo, 2002) The use of claw back provision if the violation of the first noted principle - they are not crated in accordance with the international laws and they don not foster creation of the laws which would support competition on the international level. Moreover, 'parties, regardless origin, should be treated as locals'; however claw back provisions are clear examples of the absolutely opposite actions of the parties. Claw back provisions are often depicted as the best means of protecting the parties from the improper judicial treatment in the foreign country; however fighting illegal actions and unfair competition is possible only through the adoption and use of such fines and damage payments for the benefit of the party the rights of which were violated. According to the Havana Charter 1947, there is a list of actions which are supposed to be illegal and represent the moves of the unfair competition; among these actions are discriminating particular enterprises, excluding enterprises from a specific territorial market, etc. Claw back provisions, on the contrary give local (national) companies legal basis for unfair competition' actions in the foreign country through understanding that in case they are sued, their country of

Prevention of disease

Prevention of disease Introduction: Prevention of any disease causing agent at livestock farm by managemental mechanisms and operations is known as biosecurity.Due to increased incidence of many foreign and emerging diseases such as FMD and Avian Influenza has made it of major concern. Biosecurity is basic phenomena in disease prevention at farm. there are many factors that contribute towards disease at livestock farm .Their list includes Farm visitors Veterinarians themselves Regulatory personnel Dead stock collectors Friends all of these should understand the importance of biosecurity. if any one of these does not aware of biosecurity he will ultimately contribute to make himself and animal susceptible to disease. May be it is possible that a person carrying infection visit multiple farms in one day and may effect other farms .As a result of which the disease can spread in whole country. So today there is need to develop certain mechanisms and operations to minimize the chances of disease occurance .and this can be done with the help of qualified and experiences staff at farm which include farm manager ,farm supervisors, nutrition and extension specialists, Because various problems in practical implementation for prevention of disease are due to the fact that majority of livestock farms are managed by illiterate and ignorant persons who ignore the basic principles of biosecurity and sanitation .improper sanitation provides the ideal environment to bacteria, parasites ,viruses and fungi and provide shelter to germs. Proper sanitation identify the causes of all preventable diseases and make all those causes ineffective to spread diseases .By this animal can live in the favorable conditions of li fe with provision of clean water, good ventilation and well sanitize sheds. There are four basic steps in prevention of disease. Proper vaccination Detection of disease Removal of intermediate hosts Control meseaure for infectious disease Disease results from the intervention of infectious agent in the farm in outs and farm outputs. Farm inputs includes the health of animal , housing hygiene ,feed and water hygiene .farm out puts includes the farm visitors, wild life and visiting vehicles .Farm input and outputs both should be controlled for prevention of disease. Whenever there is breakage in biosecurity process the infectious agent infects animal which sheds agent in environment (foods, water, housing) and ultimately make animal susceptible to disease .It is shown in following diagram, Biosecurity increases the death rate of germs, reducing chance of infection . Bioseurity not only prevent disease in this way but also enhances the prevention by sanitation of farm premises ,by maintaining close herd and by killing the natural and mechanical carrier of disease .Bioseurity helps us to prevent the disease causing agents inside the farm and stops them to enter at farm but one thing keep in mind that close observation and biosecurity measures should be adopted at constant basis. Biosecurity plan For prevention of disease an effective Biosecurity plan and its accurate implementation is needed at farm. Biosecurity plan limits the chances of disease occurance. It prevents pathogens from entering through different routes of transmission. Biosecurity can be broken through any of following routes shown in diagram below. A biosecurity plan consists of isolation, traffic control and sanitation. At first isolate animal according to age and production. Isolate sick animals for at least one month and they should be separately feeded. They should be properly vaccinated according to appropriate vaccination programme to produce immunity against infectious diseases. Basic purpose of isolation is to control the visitors minimize contact between disease and healthy animals. New animals should pass through process of quarantine remember that new animal are greatest risk to biosecurity. Secondly control the visitors and vehicles that routinely visit your farm .Only concerned visitors should be allowed to visit farm. They should be properly dressed up wearing coveralls and gum boots. Vehicles should be properly cleaned and disinfected before entrance. Vehicles should be free of any unwanted material that can cause disease. Adequate fencing should be provided for protection of animals against wild life and neighboring herds. Lastly ensure sanitation at livestock farm. Sanitation minimizes the effects of infectious agents by adapting hygienic practices and maintaining health status of animal. Provide proper lightning and ventilation in animal sheds. Clean bedding should also provided .Adopt all the sanitary conditions to ensure a healthy calf at birth. Good hygienic conditions for young animal are important in both safeguarding health and future profit .Sanitation should be carried out in all aspects including farm equipments, farm employee, farm visiting vehicles. Milking should be done in hygienic environment .both milking man and milk collecting utensils should be clean. Teats should be dipped regularly and do not handle udder with dry hand because it will lead to chapping of udder. Disinfection is process to kill all bacteria and parasites with the help of specific compounds. Disinfection should be thoroughly carried out. Before disinfection a thorough cleaning of building is necessary to facilitate disinfection. Instruments (hoof knives, clippers, dehorners) are main source of cross contamination so, should be disinfected before and after use. There should be separate instruments that are to be used on disease and healthy animals. As the infectious agents are very small and they become indefinite in dust, cracks and crevices and surfaces of buildings .so, disinfection should be done with extreme care and attention to kill all the life threatening bacterial, parasitic, fungal and viral agents. At a limited area disinfectant can be applied with help of brush while for a large area disinfectant can be applied by spraying on that area. Some disinfectants are extremely irritating to eyes and skin so person applying disinfectant should wear gloves to protect skin an d goggles to protect eyes. Disinfectants commonly available in market are pyodine (iodine), parachlorometoxylenol (dettole), methylated spirit, and carbolic acid or phenol. They are available in low cost. Some insecticides are also available that are applied externally to kill ticks, mites and fleas on animal body. These include coal tar, petroleum and nicotine. Employee clothing should be continuously washed with detergents.. In addition to disinfectant the sanitizer can also increase death rate of infectious agents and decrease their population. A sanitizer kills about 99.9 percent of all bacteria, fungi and viruses. Disinfectants are classified into three types sunlight ,heat(hot air, steam, fire) and chemical disinfectants .Chemical disinfectants are further classified into three types compounds (pot.permnganate), alkalies(pot.hydrooxide,limesoln) and acids(boric acids, carbolic acids).classification of disinfectants is shown below in diagram Conclusion Biosecurity is an important step towards the prevention of disease before its occurance as prevention is better than cure .Biosecurity play a significant role in production of healthy and profitable livestock.

Diary of Mrs. Amelia Stewart Knight :: essays research papers

Response on â€Å" Diary of Mrs. Amelia Stewart Knight† When I finished this article I started to realize that the life of pioneers was not just one big adventure, but they had to face some really difficult problems like dangerous river crossing, bad weather, different kinds of accidents and diseases along the way without any chance for medical treatment. But first of all I had make a research to answer one question before all the problems along the way. It is how much did pioneers traveling west needed and how long did they have to safe money to be able to support their trip. It took roughly $800-$1,000 to obtain a proper outfit (wagon, food, clothing, etc.) and enough supplies to live a whole year without planting or harvesting a crop. Some families saved for three to five years before being able to begin their trip to west. From mine point of view they had to be very patient and live more or less in poverty to be able to save such a big amount of money. That means that most of people had a lot of problems even before they started they â€Å"trip† to west. Another great surprise for me was that most people walked and made the entire 2,000-mile journey on foot because most emigrants grossly overloaded their wagons and that is why only few could ride inside the wagons. Most of emigrants who could ride inside were children and women. To ride in a wagon sounds really better than walking all 2000 mile on foot, but another problem which they had to face was that the emigrant wagons didn't have any safety features. If someone fell under the massive wagon wheels, death was instant. Many lost their lives this way and as I mentioned above most often, the victims were children. Farther more the river crossings, which were necessary to get to their point, were a constant source of distress for all members of the group. Hundreds drowned trying to get wagons, cattle and another stuff to the other shore. Perhaps the biggest problem on the Trail was a deadly disease with no cure at that time, called cholera. This disease was a really big threat, not only for an individual, but also for the whole group. First of all it’s very contagious and secondly the sick person would slow down the whole caravan. Sometimes they received a proper burial, but often, the sick would be abandoned, in their beds, on the side of the trail and die alone.

Analisys Short Film Signs Essay

A. PLOT 1. Setting- In the actuality, Australia in their work office, train or public bus, room in his house, public road and a park. 2. Mood- humurous 3. Protagonist- Jason * Physical attributes- 25-30 years, white an Australian race, good looking and elegant man. * Social attributes- educated, professional, single 4. Conflict- One person against himself. 5. Rising Action- The moment when Jason glances at Tracey through the window of his office 6. Turning point- There are many turning points. * When she confesses the secret that she is watching first. * Climax- When he wants to meet with her, but he have fear to invite her to the first date. 7. Resolution- When they first meet. B. Symbolism C. Obviously all the short film is a symbolism because they express their feelings by signs Irony * Situational Irony ‘’So close and so far’’. The venue is the space between the two buildings. There is a discrepancy because he is suffering for her and he can cross the street, go to the building and ask for her. D. Poetic Justice * No found in this short film. E. Foreshadowing * Musical – The film has no dialog between the two main characters, just a soundtrack. Changes in the melody line and great track at the end of movie; in this case the music shows us the emotions of the protagonists. F. Thesis  Where do you find love? If we knew, we would all know where to look.  Sometimes all you need is a sign G. Improving the story and the movie  * What scenes would you add? A scene with the life of her for knows what kind of people she is. * What scenes you leave out? Modify? I will not modify any scene. * How would you modify the setting, the protagonist, the other characters, the dialogue? No modify * How would you change camera angles in different scenes? Yes, in a part to see what she sees. * Other changes?  I would change all the final part. The scene would be a perfect romantic encounter.

Maria Reynolds and the First U.S. Political Sex Scandal

Maria Reynolds and the First U.S. Political Sex Scandal Maria Reynolds is best known for her role in the United States first political sex scandal. As the mistress of Alexander Hamilton, Maria was the subject of much gossip and speculation, and she ultimately found herself embroiled in a blackmail scheme. Fast Facts: Maria Reynolds Known For: Mistress of Alexander Hamilton, an affair that led to the publication of the Reynolds Pamphlet and the United States first sex scandalBorn: March 30, 1768 in New York, New YorkParents: Richard Lewis, Susanna Van Der BurghSpouse(s): James Reynolds, Jacob Clingman, Dr. Mathew (first name unknown)Died: March 25, 1828 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Early Life Maria was born in New York City to middle-class parents. Not much is known about her early life. Her father, Richard Lewis, was a merchant and itinerant laborer, and her mother Susanna Van Der Burgh had been married once before. (Of note, Susanna’s sixth great-grandson would become President George W. Bush.) Although Maria wasn’t formally educated,  her letters to Hamilton show that she was marginally literate. In 1783, when Maria was fifteen, her parents consented to her marriage to James Reynolds, several years her senior, and two years later she gave birth to their daughter, Susan. The couple moved from New York to Philadelphia at some point between 1785 and 1791. James had served during the Revolutionary War as a commissary agent, alongside his father, David. In addition, he had a pattern of filing claims with the government for damages and losses accrued during the war. In one letter to George Washington, dated 1789, James Reynolds asked for a land grant. The Hamilton Affair During the summer of 1791, Maria, then twenty-three years old, approached Hamilton in Philadelphia. She asked for help, saying James had abused and then abandoned her for another woman. She begged Hamilton, who was thirty-four and married, for financial assistance so that she could return to New York with her daughter. Hamilton agreed to deliver money to her, and promised to stop by Maria’s boarding house to drop it off. Once Hamilton arrived at Maria’s Philadelphia lodgings, she led him to her bedroom, and the affair began. The affair continued for the summer and fall of that year, while Hamilton’s wife and son were visiting family in upstate New York. At some point, Maria informed Hamilton that James sought a reconciliation, to which she had agreed, although she had no intention of ending the affair. She then arranged for Hamilton to meet James, who wanted a position in the Treasury Department. Hamilton refused, and indicated that he no longer wanted to be involved with Maria, at which point she wrote again, saying her husband had found out about their relationship. Soon, Reynolds himself was sending angry letters to Hamilton, demanding money. In December 1791, Hamilton paid Reynolds $1,000 - a staggering sum at that time - and ended the affair with Maria. However, a month later, Reynolds surfaced again, and this time invited Hamilton to renew his romantic attentions towards Maria; she also encouraged Hamilton’s visits. Each time, Hamilton sent Reynolds money. This continued until June 1792, when Reynolds was arrested and charged with forgery and fraudulently purchasing pensions from Revolutionary War veterans. From jail, Reynolds continued to write Hamilton, who refused to send the couple any further payments. The Scandal Once Maria and James Reynolds realized there was to be no further income from Hamilton, it wasn’t long before whispers of scandal got back to Congress. Reynolds hinted at public misconduct, promising to testify against Hamilton, but instead vanished after being released from jail. By then, though, the damage was done, and the truth about the affair with Maria was the talk of the town. Worried that accusations of financial misdeeds could destroy his political hopes, Hamilton decided to come clean about the affair. In 1797, he wrote what would become known as the Reynolds Pamphlet, in which he detailed the relationship with Maria and the blackmail by her husband. He maintained that his wrongdoing was adultery, not financial malfeasance: â€Å"My real crime is an amorous connection with his wife, for a considerable time with his privity and connivance, if not originally brought on by a combination between the husband and wife with the design to extort money from me.† Once the pamphlet was released, Maria became a social pariah. She had divorced Reynolds in absentia in 1793, and remarried; her second husband was a man named Jacob Clingman, who was implicated along with Reynolds in the pension speculation scheme. To escape further public humiliation, Maria and Clingman left for England in late 1797. Later Years There are no details about Maria’s life in England, but when she returned to the United States years later, it was without Clingman. It is unknown whether he died, she divorced him, or she simply left. Regardless, she was using the name Maria Clement for a time, and worked as a housekeeper to a physician named Dr. Mathew, whom she later married. Her daughter Susan came to live with them, and enjoyed some degree of social status with her mother’s new marriage. In her later years, Maria cultivated respectability and found solace in religion. She died in 1828. Sources Alberts, Robert C. â€Å"The Notorious Affair Of Mrs. Reynolds.† American Heritage, Feb. 1973, www.americanheritage.com/content/notorious-affair-mrs-reynolds.Chernow, Ron (2004). Alexander Hamilton. Penguin Books.Hamilton, Alexander. â€Å"Founders Online: Draft of the ‘Reynolds Pamphlet’, [25 August 1797].† National Archives and Records Administration, National Archives and Records Administration, founders.archives.gov/documents/Hamilton/01-21-02-0138-0001#ARHN-01-21-02-0138-0001-fn-0001.Swenson, Kyle. â€Å"Americas First Hush Money Scandal: Alexander Hamiltons Torrid Affair with Maria Reynolds.† The Washington Post, WP Company, 23 Mar. 2018, www.washingtonpost.com/news/morning-mix/wp/2018/03/23/americas-first-hush-money-scandal-alexander-hamiltons-torrid-affair-with-maria-reynolds/?noredirectonutm_term.822b16f784ea.

Medeas fatal flaw essays

Medeas fatal flaw essays Every highly tragic and dramatic figure has a fatal flaw that leads to his or her downfall. The character of Medea fits into this category perfectly. Excessive passion is what leads Medea to her destruction. Her love for Jason, her selfishness, and her rage are all factors of Medea's harmartia. First, the strongest factor contributing to Medea's fatal flaw is her love for Jason. During Jason's quest of searching for the Golden Fleece and meets the Princess of Colchis, Medea falls madly in love with Jason and runs off to lolcos with him. Medea and Jason get married and have two children. Medea's excessive love for Jason started showing when she killed his uncle, who was the king of lolcos at the time, so that Jason could take over the throne and rule. But his uncle's murder resulted negatively for Medea and Jason. They were forced to flee from lolcos to the kingdom of Corinth. Once in Corinth, Jason meets the king of Corinth's daughter. He leaves Medea and their two children and marries the princess. Because Medea is madly in love with Jason, Medea is crushed to find out that Jason has left her. Medea explains to the women of Corinth that, "It has crushed my heart. Life has no pleasure left, dear friends. I want to die. Jason was my whole life; he knows that wel l" (24). Therefore, Medea becomes outraged and over powered with excessive passion. Secondly, Medea's selfishness provides power to her fatal flaw. Medea's selfishness is displayed through the act of killing her own two sons. Medea understands that the slaying of her children will make Jason miserable. During this time, the chorus recognizes her self-worship and states, "O miserable mother, to destroy your own increase, murder the babes of your body! Stone and iron are you, as you resolved to be" (56). Medea does not stop to think what pain she may cause to herself by murdering them. She is only concerned about her happiness ...

Capitol Budgeting Long Term Financing Assignment

Capitol Budgeting Long Term Financing - Assignment Example Capital assets receive attention because they commit a firm for long term. These capital assets are commitment of over a year and sometimes for decades for instance, real estate. Economically, the resources being scarce and competitive in nature, there would be wrong allocation of such resources at the wrong time or on a non rewording asset. Assets acquisition analysis According to (Baker, & Powell, 2005) any company will invest finance for the sake of gaining a return which is useful for four focal reasons: 1. To recompense the shareholders or owners of the enterprise for staking their money and by sacrificing their current purchasing power for the sake of current and future cash flow 2. To reward lenders by paying them regular return on their money borrowed in the form of interest and principal repayment as and when it falls due. 3. To be able to plough back retain part of their earnings for the purpose which facilitates not only the companies’ short term growth and long ter m growth but also has the implication of increasing the size of the company in terms of sales, in assets as well as shareholders wealth. 4. To increase the share prices and thus the credibility and goodwill of the company and its capability to raise further finance. Such return is necessary to keep the company’s operations moving straightforwardly and efficiently thus allowing the above objective to be accomplished. A financial manager and decision makers must present investment policies which will be concerned with how efficiently the company’s funds are invested because it is from such investment that the company will survive. The investments are important because: They influence company’s size, Influence growth Influence company’s risks In addition, to this investment decision making process which is also known as capital budgeting, involves the decision to invest the company’s current funds in viable ventures whose returns will be realized for long term periods in future. Capital budgeting as financial planning is characterized by the following: a. Decisions of this nature are long term i.e. extending beyond one year in which case they are also expected to generate returns of long term in nature. b. Investment is usually heavy (heavy capital injection) and as such has to be properly planned. c. These decisions are irreversible and any mistake may cause the company heavy losses. Importance of Investment Decisions 1) Such decisions are importance because they will influence the company’s size (fixed assets, sales, and retained earnings). 2) They increase the value of the company’s shares and thus its credibility. 3) The fact that they are irreversible means that they have to be made carefully to avoid any mistake which can lead to the failure of such investment. 4) Due to heavy capital outlay, more attention is required to avoid loss of huge sums of money which in the extreme may lead to the closure of such a company. However, these decisions are influenced by: I. Political factors – Under conditions of political uncertainty, such decisions cannot be made as it will entail an element of risk of failure of such investment. Thus political certainty has to be analyzed before such decisions are made, such factors must be taken into account such that the company forecasts the inflows and outflows within given. Limitations such as the

Freedom and emancipation of women Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Freedom and emancipation of women - Essay Example On the other hand, men were more flexible and could look for work and live away from homes, while still expecting to have their wives take care of their children at home. In Kate Chopin story â€Å"the story of an hour†, women are depicted as being oppressed, but repressing their feeling despite their desire for freedom. The theme of oppression of women in the society is best captured in the story of an hour where Mrs. Mallard; the main author who is depicted as having a heart trouble. This is the reason why the death of her husband is brought with gentleness (Chopin 788). This is a disease that Chopin refers to be the one of the causes of trouble facing Mrs. Ballard. In the story, the heart disease is a symbol of the pain that Chopin has to contend with, one that makes her sick and remain at home, while her husband goes to work. The interpretation of the heart diseases ties with the notion that women’s places was home and not in the industry, which was considered as a playing field for men only. This was a belief that men held during the nineteenth century, at a time when women were trying to liberate themselves from chains of having to take roles as wives at home. But as indicated in the story, the struggles of women like Mrs. Mallard bore no success as she succumbed to death because of her heart trouble. Mrs. Mallard is depicted as a young woman in the story and yet all she could do was stay at home, while the husband went to work to fend for the family. Chopin’s portrays Mrs. Mallard as a young woman who has a fair and calm face. These descriptions indicate the status of women in the society being that most of them had the potential to take over roles in the industries and other domains (Stein 54). Needless to say, the theme of oppressions seems to be overstretched on women like Mr. Mallard who have to wait at home for the husband to come home. In addition, it is clear to point that men made women hold gender roles at home advancing the theme of oppression. In what seems as a twist, Mr. Mallard later becomes happy because the death of her husband meant his freedom. In the story, Chopin describes Mrs. Mallard as having a dull stare, one that illustrates the kind of life she has gone through. The dull eyes present readers with the feeling of women have having been stagnated and withdrawn in the quest for freedom. This notion is true considering the fact that women during the 19th century continued to hold a role at home with none having the chance to take part in other facets of life. In the story, it is apparent that Mrs. Mallard is less independent in her marriage, which indicates the oppression that women were going through in their society. To a great extent, it can be argued that married women like Mrs. Mallard were less independent because of their allegiance to the will of their husbands. Historically, the women’s quest from freedom in the nineteenth century reflected the difficulty of women making sig nificant breakthroughs in a society where men were parochial. In another perspective, the dull stare reveal the routine that characterized the lives of women being that many of them stayed at home. This signifies a form of oppression that made women restricted to their homes rather than joint the social and economic life experienced by their male counterparts. To some degree, Chopin reveal that women despite being oppressed remained tied to their husbands to the chain of oppression tha